Free trade advocates, like the President, Fed Chief and Treasury Secretary, always argue that free trade, which they admit is based on the theory of comparative advantage, is beneficial to both trading partners. They also argue that personal freedom is expanded by free trade.
But here are a few of the dozens of questions that they never answer (and cannot answer honestly and maintain their position).
You should use these fun little questions when you run into a smug free trader full of libertarian and anarchist rhetoric. Believe me, they won't have a clue what to say.
1. If by dismantling trade protections of industries that you deem to be undesirable because of a perceived comparative disadvantage, how can you maintain that you support personal freedom?
The truth is, when the President and Congress decide to stop protecting the textile industry, for example, they are choosing it for elimination. Now the freedom of Americans to choose to work in textiles is gone, because we are going to consume only foreign made textiles (based on comparative advantage theory, countries should specialize in certain industries and eliminate others, based on internal efficiency rankings - not efficiency rankings compared to other countries. In other words, every nation has a comparative disadvantage by definition)
2. How can you, a free trader, claim to support free markets when you adversely select certain industries to protect and others to eliminate? Shouldn't you protect or not protect all industries the same way and let the free market decide which firms will survive?
A true "free trader" wants a shared division of labor with the entire world, and would answer this question with the systematic tear down of all trade restrictions. But these same people, if they are honest and consistent, will also tell you that they do not believe in borders, nationalism, or in many cases any kind of government. The free trade philosophy encompasses eliminating all protections of a nation, not just economic.
In the case of these modern day "free traders" you see them choosing to outsource manufacturing by eliminating tariffs on manufactured products, but keeping other tariffs in place to slow down the dramatic pain that outsourcing brings about. They talk about a "gradual shift" to a "service economy". They are replacing highly productive manufacturing jobs with waiters, government, health care and legal. Even financial services appear to be excluded from their definition of a "service economy", as thousands of financial jobs are flying overseas.
3. If a nation is at a comparative disadvantage in a given industry, how can they possibly regain an advantage later, after the industry is nearly or completely outsourced?
Consider that for a minute. Once we decide to abandon trade protection of the auto industry, for example, we see a gradual destruction of the domestic auto makers. Once they are gone, how can we come back to that market? The auto industry will be gone, or so small that it will be tremendously inefficient. There will be fewer automakers globally, and they will have massive advantages through built up capital investments. In fact, free trade policy eventually leads to monopoly; one firm producing the world's supply of a given product.
4. How can free trade result in anything other than interdependency, if we are to completely outsource entire industries based on comparative advantage?
If we stop making cars, tanks, bombs, guns, and other relatively inefficient products, are we not dependent upon other nations for our national defense? If we stop producing food, are we not dependent upon other nations for our survival as human beings? These are dramatic illustrations, but they are the reality of the flawed theory of comparative advantage, upon which our trade policy is built.
5. How can protectionism result in anything but independence, if we are to protect all industries from unfair foreign interference, and maintain our absolute advantages in all industries?
With protected trade, there could never be a time that we would not have the ability to produce everything we need to survive. It was under these conditions that the United States became the most free, most independent, and most powerful nation in the history of the world. Why would we want to change all that, even if it DID mean cheaper imports (which it does not)?
6. What is the definition of a free market economic system?
This is a favorite of mine. I've had PhD's that answer this wrongly or evasively. The most complete definition of the free market economic system comes from free market economist Ludwig Von Mises of the Austrian School, and all truly learned free traders will agree that he is their hero. So we will utilize his definition. If they answer anything other than this, call them on it.
1. A single division of labor, and the subsequent free exchanges within (hence their free trade theory. but note that where the tariffs are not, the division of labor is; in other words, the tariff defines the physical boundaries of the free market. in other words, a protected free market economy is still a free market economy, it just isn't part of a single global system)
2. A single coersive government to adjudicate disputes and ensure orderly market operations (hence the multi-national government organizations and the desire to tear down nationalism. re: the European Union and the push now for a North American Union)
3. private property; aka the private ownership of the means of production.
4. absence of institutional interferences, usually government interferences. (there are many of these in the U.S., but there used to be far less. the free trade crowd has been less successful in dismantling government interference in the market place than they have been in establishing free trade agreements. but note that to eliminate governmental interference you must have single government. When the Chinese subsidize an industry and dump that product in the U.S. an institutional interference is created. The tariff protects the market from the interference, but without a tariff or other restriction on trade, there is a destruction of free market operations. where are the free market folks on this issue?! they should be up in arms, but their true agenda betrays them, as they do not want to do anything that would cause the United States to protect its market system and redefine the division of labor as it was initially defined; by the borders of this country)